Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak Tau Txiav Txim Siab Ua Lus Lavxias Qub

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Video: Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak Tau Txiav Txim Siab Ua Lus Lavxias Qub

Video: Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak Tau Txiav Txim Siab Ua Lus Lavxias Qub
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Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak Tau Txiav Txim Siab Ua Lus Lavxias Qub
Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak Tau Txiav Txim Siab Ua Lus Lavxias Qub
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Tus kws tshaj lij Andrei Zaliznyak tau hais rau hnub Monday yav tsaus ntuj txog cov ntawv tawv ntoo uas pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, thiab qhia txog kev txiav txim siab thiab txhais cov ntawv ntawm qee tus ntawm lawv, tshwj xeeb, cov khawv koob sau rau ntawm ib ntawm cov ntawv

Birch tawv tsiaj ntawv, uas cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm pib pom thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus Lavxias qub thiab kab lis kev cai.

Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Philology Andrei Zaliznyak pib kawm cov ntawv ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo ntawv txij li xyoo 1980s. Txog li kaum xyoo, txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws tau muab cov lus qhuab qhia ib txwm hais ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv uas nws tswj tau los nrhiav hauv lub caij dhau los, qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab thiab txhais lawv cov ntawv rau cov neeg mloog.

Xyoo no, cov neeg xav mloog tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau lub rooj sib tham loj ntawm 1 lub tsev tib neeg kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow State University kom dhau mus - cov tib neeg sawv ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub xub pwg mus rau xub pwg, zaum hauv pem teb ntawm lub rooj ntawv xov tooj thiab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv lub rooj. Cov neeg mloog tau tos pib ntawm kev qhuab qhia nrog kev npuaj teg.

https://s40.radikal.ru/i087/0809/fa/3dfe81d2aaa0
https://s40.radikal.ru/i087/0809/fa/3dfe81d2aaa0

Tus kws tshaj lij Zaliznyak tau sau tseg tias xyoo no tau sib piv "muaj txiaj ntsig" rau daim ntawv pov thawj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm pom 12 cov ntaub ntawv, thaum lub caij 2007 hauv Novgorod tsis pom ib tsab ntawv nkaus xwb; tsuas yog ib kab ntawv tau pom hauv lub nroog Staraya Russa, cheeb tsam Novgorod.

"Muaj tseeb tiag, qhov kev khawb av loj, Troitsky, raws li ib tus neeg xav tau, ua nyob rau theem ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm 11th thiab txawm tias qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 10, tsis muab dab tsi. Muab peb daim ntawv pov thawj,"- hais tias tus kws tshawb fawb.

Nws hais ntxiv tias lub cera (sau cov ntsiav tshuaj nrog cov ciab) los ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th tau pom nyob hauv qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav Troitsky, tab sis, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj ntawv nyeem.

Ib ntawm cov ntawv, raws li Zaliznyak, tau pom tsis yog thaum lub sijhawm khawb, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm tshawb xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm engineering.

RIDDLES NTAWM LITERATURE

Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb tau tig mus rau zaj dab neeg txog cov ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub lawv tus kheej, thiab pib nrog tsab ntawv luv tshaj plaws, uas tsuas muaj cuaj tsab ntawv - lo lus zais "GEONEGONE". Tsab ntawv xyoo pua 13th no, suav tus 973, tau pom thaum lub Yim Hli ntawm Borisoglebsk qhov chaw khawb av ntawm Olovyanka Street.

Zaliznyak tau sau tseg tias lo lus "geona" yog Laus Lavxias daim ntawv ntawm lo lus "gehenna", thiab ntu thib ob ntawm lo lus, pom tseeb, yuav tsum txhais tias "hluav taws". Ob lo lus no, ua ke ua ib qho, feem ntau yuav yog cov khawv koob, sau ntawv, tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais.

"Tag nrho cov lus dag tsuas yog tus txiv neej no txiav txim siab sau nws ua ib lo lus. Thiab qhov no pom tseeb tsis yog qhov ua yuam kev. Qhov feem ntau yuav yog tias muaj" kev ua siab zoo "uas tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze … Yog li ntawv khawv koob. Yog li qhov no yog cov ntawv zoo, uas yog yam me me kev koom tes, sau me ntsis."

Tsab ntawv thib ob, hais txog Zaliznyak hais lus, tau pom thaum tshawb pom hauv tsev hais plaub hauv tsev teev ntuj thiab hnub rov qab mus rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Tsuas muaj ob peb lo lus hauv nws, tab sis Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Zaliznyak tau qhia tias koj tuaj yeem pom qee yam ntxim nyiam hauv lawv ib yam.

Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj cov lus "hais lus rau tus tswv" - "tham nrog tus tswv." Tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias hauv Lavxias qub lus "lo lus", "dialect" txhais tau tias muaj suab nrov tsis tu ncua, yws yws, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg coob coob, tab sis tsis hais lus ncaj ncees. Tshwj xeeb, hauv Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo, nws tau pom hauv lub ntsiab lus no. Hauv ntau hom lus, qhov lus qhia "hais lus" piav qhia lub hubbub ntawm tus noog.

Zaliznyak tau hais tias qhov no yog thawj qhov kev paub thaum lo lus "hais lus" tau siv hauv nws qhov kev nkag siab niaj hnub no. Yav dhau los nws tau pom hauv cov tsiaj ntawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus yog lub sijhawm tom qab.

Tus kws tshawb fawb tseem tau muab cov ntawv tawv ntoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th pom nyob ze ntawm Episcopal chav thiab tau txais tus lej 964. Nws tau hais rau Mr. Elizar, uas tus sau tau xa ua ke nrog qee yam Larion "zuam" (Lub qub Lavxias lub npe rau bream).

Ib qho ntxiv, Zaliznyak tau tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws cov ntawv ntawm tus lej 963, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas nws tuaj yeem sau hnub tim tau raug heev - nws tau sau ntawm 1416 txog 1421, thaum Simeon yog npis sov ntawm Novgorod, uas tus ntawv tau hais rau.

Thaum lub sijhawm hais lus, tus kws tshawb fawb tau rov tig mus rau cov neeg mloog nrog thov kom qhia nws tus kheej kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov no lossis qhov chaw tsis meej, mloog cov lus sib cav thiab sib cav nrog lawv.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev qhuab qhia, cov neeg mloog tau muab tus kws qhia ntawv sawv ntawm qhov sawv.

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